Application of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Related Technology in Postharvest Handling of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are important source of carbohydrates, proteins, organic acids, vitamins and minerals for human nutrition. When plants or plant parts are used by humans, whether for food, or for aesthetic purpose, there is always a postharvest component. Postharvest losses in fresh fruits and vegetables may occur anywhere from the point where the food has been harvested or gathered up to the point of consumption. Appropriate postharvest handling can minimize moisture loss, slow down respiration rate and inhibit the development of decay causing pathogens. Temperature is the most important determinant of fresh produce deterioration rate. An important supplement to proper temperature and relative humidity management is the use of controlled (CA) or modified (MA) atmosphere. This paper reviews the physiological factors affecting shelf life and applications of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and related technology in prolonging shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables. The paper further provides tables of values for permeabilities of films available for packaging fresh produce, classification of horticultural commodities according to respiration and ethylene production rates and MAP potential for benefit for whole and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. The paper encourages commercial application of MAP by processors and retailers in addition to further research efforts for local crops under local conditions.